Wednesday, March 23, 2016

UBI Calc







In work, All income, no entitlement to WFF  - These calcs are for an individual:


 
 
 In work (minimum hours requirement for FTC & IWTC)
Assumes one working parent, the other staying at home:
 

  

Tuesday, January 5, 2016

Ocean Acidification: watch out for the next Bollocks off the rank

"The oceans’ alkalinity (pH) varies from place to place, in a range 7.9 to 8.3 on a logarithmic scale where 14 is most alkaline (or basic), 7.0 is neutral and below 7 to zero is acidic.   The log scale means each change of one unit is ten times the value of the adjacent unit.

The scare term “ocean acidification” first popped up in Nature in 2003, followed by the Royal Society in 2005, and has since been seized on as a substitute frightener, given that global warming has stalled. Climate scientists now “calculate” that the average ocean alkalinity has declined from 8.2 to 8.1 on the scale since pre-industrial times, except that the measurement error margin is several times the alleged reduction (and each of the five oceans has its own pH characteristics). pH levels at given points can also swing markedly even within the 24-hour cycle.

In past geological ages C02 levels in the atmosphere were ten or more times what they are now (400ppm) and ocean life thrived. Indeed our current fossil fuels are the residue of vast oceanic life that thrived and died in such super-high CO2 environments.

In the parts of the oceans where alkalinity is low (i.e. tending towards neutral), fish, corals, and sea flora have managed and adapted  perfectly well.

Freshwater lakes and rivers are slightly acidic (pH of 6 to 8),  as is rainwater, pH 5.6, and drinking water, 6.5 to 7.5. Life has adapted and thrives in fresh water notwithstanding the, ahem, “acidification”."

ABOVE FROM: The Fishy "Science" of Ocean Acidification

http://quadrant.org.au/opinion/qed/2016/01/fishy-science-ocean-acidification/


And, lo:

Increase in acidity may not be harmful to coral reefs after all

http://phys.org/news/2015-11-acidity-coral-reefs.html

"(Phys.org)—A combined team of researchers affiliated with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences has found, via a five year study, that increased ocean acidification may not pose the threat to coral reefs that scientists have thought. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team describes their study and why they now believe that an increase in green house gas emissions many not have the devastating impact on coral reefs that most in the field have assumed would occur."

[PS: aren't the doom mongers warning us that the oceans are warming, so will de-gas, adding more CO2 to the atmosphere, double-boiling us? So isn't the theory of OA in conflict with the theory of CAGW? LOL: and both theories are in conflict with observation. But align perfectly with model output "data".]